Which statement is true about intoxication?

• A. Voluntary intoxication can be a defense
• B. It requires a chemical test to prove intoxication
• C. It only applies to alcohol
• D. Voluntary intoxication does not constitute a defense

Answer: (D)

Voluntary intoxication generally does not provide a defense to criminal liability. When a person chooses to drink or use drugs, that choice is treated as part of their conduct, and they’re usually held responsible for the crime if the elements are met, regardless of the intoxicated state. The defense is extremely limited and may only apply in narrow situations, such as specific‑intent offenses where intoxication could prevent forming the required intent. Involuntary intoxication, by contrast, can sometimes be a defense because the person didn’t knowingly cause their impairment. Intoxication doesn’t have to be proven only by a chemical test; officers can rely on observations, behavior, odor, field sobriety results, and other evidence. And intoxication can involve substances other than alcohol.