Swear includes what?

• A. Swear excludes affirm.
• B. Swear has no relation to oaths.
• C. Swear requires an oath in all situations.
• D. Swear includes affirm.

Answer: (D)

In this legal sense, swearing to tell the truth covers both traditional oaths and the secular alternative of affirming. So, the act of swearing includes affirm because you can fulfill the same legal obligation by either swearing an oath or affirming it. The idea is that both forms bind you to tell the truth, with affirmation offering a non-religious option. The other statements aren’t correct because swearing is indeed related to oaths, it doesn’t exclude affirm, and there are contexts where an affirmation can substitute for an oath rather than requiring one in every situation.